Functional Movement Analysis, Posture and Examination of Dynamic Balance of Team and Individual Athletes

Takım ve Bireysel Sporcuların Fonksiyonel Hareket Analizi, Postürleri ve Dinamik Denge İncelemesi

Barışcan Öztürk^1*, Cenab Türkeri²

*Correspondence: Barışcan Öztürk, bariscan.ozturk.bc@gmail.com
¹Çukurova University, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Adana, TÜRKİYE,  bariscan.ozturk.bc@gmail.com 0000-0001-7001-3032

²Çukurova University, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Adana, TÜRKİYE, 0000-0003-4850-9810

Doi:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17426024

https://www.ijoss.org/Archive/issue2-volume3/ijoss-Volume2-issue3-06.pdf

Download Full Text

Abstract

The research aims to examine the functional movement analysis, posture and dynamic balances of team and individual athletes in different branches in Adana. 112 athletes (team sports = 59; individual sports = 53) participated in the study. The age of the athletes participating in the survey is 19.02±1.36 years, body weight is 71.92±8.98 kg, average height is 1.79±0.07 m, sports age is 6.50±2.48 years, and the number of weekly training sessions is 5. .27±0.97 days and weekly training hours were found to be 12.01±2.61 hours. Independent t-test and one-way ANOVA test were applied to compare the differences between the means. No significant difference was found between the functional movement analysis, lower extremity Y dynamic balance, anterior posture analysis, angle values in upright posture and trunk flexion-extension angle results of team and individual athletes (p>0.05). A significant difference was found in favour of team sports (Basketball) in the medial direction of the upper extremity (p<0.05). A significant difference was found in lateral postural asymmetry in favour of team sports in the acromion (Volleyball) (p=0.04) and trochanter major (Handball) (p=0.01). It is thought that the difference in upper extremity balance and postural asymmetry is due to the fact that branches in team sports are generally branches in which the upper extremity plays an active role. In addition, it can be said that the actions in the game (changing places, cheating, double combat) create a change in the centre of gravity and, accordingly, postural asymmetry.

Keywords Functional Movement Analysis, Posture, Dynamic Balance, Spine Angle, Postural Asymmetry.

Öz

Bu araştırma, Adana’daki farklı branşlardaki takım ve bireysel sporcuların fonksiyonel hareket analizi, postürleri ve dinamik dengelerinin incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmaya 112 sporcu katılmıştır (takım sporları = 59; bireysel sporlar = 53). Ankete katılan sporcuların yaş ortalaması 19,02±1,36 yıl, vücut ağırlıkları 71,92±8,98 kg, boy ortalaması 1,79±0,07 m, spor yaşları 6,50±2,48 yıl, haftalık antrenman gün sayısı 5,27±0,97 gün ve haftalık antrenman süreleri 12,01±2,61 saat olarak bulunmuştur. Ortalama değerler arasındaki farkları karşılaştırmak için bağımsız t-testi ve tek yönlü ANOVA testi uygulanmıştır. Takım ve bireysel sporcuların fonksiyonel hareket analizi, alt ekstremite Y dinamik dengesi, anterior postür analizi, dik postürde açı değerleri ve gövde fleksiyon-ekstansiyon açısı sonuçları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Üst ekstremitenin medial yönünde takım sporları (Basketbol) lehine anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Lateral postüral asimetride, akromion bölgesinde takım sporları (Voleybol) lehine (p=0,04) ve trokanter major bölgesinde takım sporları (Hentbol) lehine (p=0,01) anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Üst ekstremite dengesi ve postüral asimetrideki farklılığın, takım sporlarında branşların genellikle üst ekstremitenin aktif rol oynadığı branşlar olmasından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca, oyundaki hareketlerin (yer değiştirme, aldatma, ikili mücadele) ağırlık merkezinde değişime ve buna bağlı olarak postüral asimetriye neden olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler Fonksiyonel Hareket Analizi, Postür, Dinamik Denge, Omurga Açısı, Postüral Asimetri.

APA 7 Citation

Öztürk, B., & Türkeri, C. (2025). Functional movement analysis, posture and examination of dynamic balance of team and individual athletes. International Journal of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences (IJOSS), 2(3), 62–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17426024 https://www.ijoss.org/Archive/issue2-volume3/ijoss-Volume2-issue3-06.pdf

References / Kaynaklar

• Aka, H., Yilmaz, G., Aktug, Z. B., Akarçesme, C., & Altundag, E. (2019). The Comparison of the Functional Movement Screen Test Results of Volleyball National Team Players in Different Countries. Journal of Education and Learning,  8(1), 138-142.
• Aktuğ, Z. B., Aka, H., Akarçeşme, C., Çelebi, M. M., & Altundağ, E. (2019). Elit Kadın Voleybolcularda Düzeltici Egzersizlerin Fonksiyonel Hareket Taraması Test Sonuçlarına Etkileri. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 54(4), 233-241.
• Alam, S., Pahlavani, H. A., Monazami, M., Vatandoust, M., & Nasirzade, A. (2012). The Effect Of Plyometric Circuit Exercises On The Physical Preparation Indices Of Elite Handball Player. Advances In Environmental Biology, 2135-2141.
• Başar, A. B. (2018). Fonksiyonel hareket görüntüleme ve yıldız denge test puanlarının atletik performansla ilişkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Kocaeli Universitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Borms, D., & Cools, A. (2018). Upper-extremity functional performance tests: reference values for overhead athletes. International journal of sports medicine, 39(06), 433-441.
• Brumitt, J., Patterson, C., Dudley, R., Sorenson, E., Hill, G., & Peterson, C. (2019). Comparison of lower quarter Y-balance test scores for female collegiate volleyball players based on competition level, position, and starter status. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy,  14(3), 415.
• Bulğay, C., Zorlular, A., Nihan, K. A. F. A., Çetin, E., & Cengizhan, P. A. (2019). Uzun Mesafe Koşucuların Fonksiyonel Hareket Analizi Normlarına Göre Değerlerinin Belirlenmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(4), 189-198.
• Butler RJ, Lehr ME, Fink ML, Kiesel KB, Plisky PJ. (2013). Dynamic balance performance and noncontact lower extremity injury in college football players: an initial study. Sports Healt, 5(5):417-422.
• Butler, R. J., Southers, C., Gorman, P. P., Kiesel, K. B., &Plisky, P. J. (2012). Differences in soccer players’ dynamic balance across levels of competition. Journal of athletic training, 47(6), 616‐620.
• Butler, R., Arms, J., Reiman, M., Plisky, P., Kiesel, K., Taylor, D., & Queen, R. (2014). Sex differences in dynamic closed kinetic chain upper quarter function in collegiate swimmers. Journal of athletic training,  49(4), 442-446.
• Cemil, Ö., & Günel, M. K. (2014). Spastik serebral palsili çocuklarda gövde kontrolü ile fonksiyonel mobilite ve denge arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 1(1), 01-08.
• Cengizhan, Ö., & Eyüboğlu, E. (2017). Farklı Branşlardaki Müsabık Sporcuların Fiziksel Özellikleri ile Fonksiyonel Hareket Analizleri Arasındaki İlişki. Uluslararası Kültürel ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (UKSAD), 3, 365-371.
• Cook G, Burton L, Fields K, Van Allen J. (1999). Functional movement screening: Upper and lower quarter applications, Mid-America Athletic Trainer’s Annual Symposium, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Athletic Trainer’s Annual Symposium, 18.
• Cook G, Burton L, Hoogenboom BJ, Voigh M. (2014). Functional movement screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function— part I. Int J Sports Phys Ther,  9: 396-408.
• Cook G. (2001). High Performance Sports Conditioning: Modern Training for Ultimate Athletic Development In: Foran B. (eds). Baseline Sports-Fitness Testing, 1 st ed. Champaign IL, Human Kinetics Inc, 19-48.
• Czaprowski, D., Pawłowska, P., Gębicka, A., Sitarski, D., & Kotwicki, T. (2012). Intra-and interobserver repeatability of the assessment of anteroposterior curvatures of the spine using Saunders digital inclinometer. Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja, 14(2), 145-153.
• Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG et al. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods,39: 175-91.
• Garrison JC, Arnold A, Macko MJ, Conway JE. (2013). Baseball players diagnosed with ulnar collateral ligament tears demonstrate decreased balance compared to healthy controls. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther.43(10):752-758.
• Gorman PP, Butler RJ, Rauh MJ, Kiesel K, Plisky PJ. (2012). Differences in dynamic balance scores in one sport versus multiple sport high school athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther.7(2):148-153.
• Gorman, P. P., Butler, R. J., Plisky, P. J., & Kiesel, K. B. (2012). Upper Quarter Y Balance Test: reliability and performance comparison between genders in active adults. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(11), 3043-3048.
• Grabara M. (2015). Comparison of posture among adolescent male volleyball players and non-athletes, Biol. Sport, 32: 79-85. doi: 10.5604/20831862.1127286.
• Grabara, M. (2016). Sagittal spinal curvatures in adolescent male basketball players and non-training individuals–a two-year study, Science & Sports,31(5), 147-153.
• Greenfield B, Catlin PA, Coats PW, Green E, McDonald JJ, North C (1995). Posture in patients with shoulder overuse injuries and healthy individuals, J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,21(5): 287-95.
• Guzmán-Valdivia, C., Blanco-Ortega, A., Oliver-Salazar, M., & CarreraEscobedo, J. (2013). Therapeutic Motion Analysis Of Lower Limbs Using Kinovea. Int. J. Soft Comput. Eng, 3(2), 359-365.
• Hubbard, T. J., Kramer, L. C., Denegar, C. R., & Hertel, J. (2007). Correlations among multiple measures of functional and mechanical instability in subjects with chronic ankle instability. Journal of athletic training, 42(3), 361.
• Hudson, C., Garrison, J. C., & Pollard, K. (2016). Y-balance normative data for female collegiate volleyball players. Physical Therapy in Sport, 22, 61-65.
• Ishizuka, T., Hess, R. A., Reuter, B., Federico, M.S. and Yamada, Y. (2011). Recovery of time on limits of stability from functional fatigue in division II collegiate athletes. The journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(7), 1905-1910.
• Jurjiu, N. A., & Pantea, C. (2018). Evaluation of posture in sports performance. Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal,  11(21), 22-27.
• Karakuş S, Kılınç F. (1997). Orta öğretimde beden eğitimi ve spor derslerine katılan öğrenciler ile okul takımı veya kulüplerde çalışmalara katılan 120 öğrencinin postür ve biomotor özelliklerinin incelenmesi, Marmara Üniversitesi II. Spor Bilimleri Kongresi, Olimpiyat Evi, İstanbul.
• Kiesel K, Plisky P, Butler R. (2011). Functional movement test scores improve following a standardized off season intervention program in professional football players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 21(2):287-292.
• Kim BB, Lee JH, Jeong HJ, Cynn HS. (2016). Effects of suboccipital release with craniocervical flexion exercise on craniocervical alignment and extrinsic cervical muscle activity in subjects with forward head posture, Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 30: 31–37.
• Koçak, U. Z., & Ünver, B. (2019). Kadın futbolcularda yaralanma riski belirleyicileri olarak fonksiyonel hareket analizi ve y denge testi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 54(1), 001-008.
• Kürklü, G. B., Bayrak, A., Yargıç, M. P., & Yıldırım, N. Ü. A. (2019). Comparison of Functional Movement Abilities of Elite Male Soccer and Handball Players. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 54(3), 169-174.
• Lee, C. L., Hsu, M. C., Chang, W. D., Wang, S. C., Chen, C. Y., Chou, P. H., & Chang, N. J. (2018). Functional movement screen comparison between the preparative period and competitive period in high school baseball players. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 16(2), 68-72.
• Letafatkar A, Hadadnezhad M, Shojaedin S, Mohamadi E. (2014). Relationship between functional movement screening score and history of injury. International journal of sports physical therapy, 9(1):21.
• Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., Radnor, J. M., Rhodes, B. C., Faigenbaum, A. D., & Myer, G. D. (2015). Relationships between functional movement screen scores, maturation and physical performance in young soccer players. Journal of sports sciences,  33(1), 11-19.
• MacIntyre, N. J., Bennett, L., Bonnyman, A. M., & Stratford, P. W. (2011). Optimizing reliability of digital inclinometer and flexicurve ruler measures of spine curvatures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis of the spine: an illustration of the use of generalizability theory. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2011.
• Mokha M, Sprague PA, Gatens D.R. (2016). Predicting musculoskeletal injury in national collegiate athletic association division ii athletes from asymmetries and individual-test versus composite functional movement screen scores. Journal of Athletic Training, 51(4): 276-282.
• Myers, H., Poletti, M., & Butler, R. J. (2017). Difference in functional performance on the upper-quarter y-balance test between high school baseball players and wrestlers. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 26(3), 253-259.
• Norris, B., & Trudelle-Jackson, E. (2011). Hip-and thigh-muscle activation during the star excursion balance test. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 20(4), 428-441.
• Özyayla Ş. (2019). Amatör Futbolcuların Statik ve Dinamik Denge Düzeylerinin Pas ve Şut Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İzmir.
• Paušić, J., & Dizdar, D. (2011). Types of body posture and their characteristics in boys 10 to 13 years of age. Collegium antropologicum,  35(3), 747-754.
• Plisky PJ, Gorman PP, Butler RJ, Kiesel KB, Underwood FB, Elkins B. (2009). The reliability of an instrumented device for easuring components of the Star Excursion Balance Test. N Am J Sports Phys Ther.4:92-99.
• Plisky PJ, Rauh MJ, Kaminski TW, Underwood FB. (2006). Star Excursion Balance Test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther.36(12):911-919.
• Portas MD Parkin G Roberts J Batterham AM (2016). Maturational effect on functional movement screen score in adolescent soccer players. J Sci Med Sport.19(10):854-858.
• Puig-Diví, A., Padullés-Riu, J. M., Busquets-Faciaben, A., Padullés-Chando, X., Escalona-Marfil, C., & Marcos-Ruiz, D. (2017). Validity and reliability of the kinovea program in obtaining angular and distance dimensions. PLoS One. 5;14(6):e0216448.
• Rowan, C.P., Kuropkat, C., Gumieniak, R. J., Gledhill, N. and Jamnik, V. K. (2015). Integration of the functional movement screen into the National Hockey League Combine. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(5), 1163-1171.
• Salo, T. D., & Chaconas, E. (2017). The Effect of Fatigue on Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test Scores in Recreational Weightlifters: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of sports physical therapy, 12(2), 199.
• Slodownik R, Ogonowska-Slodownik A. (2018). Morgulec Adamowicz N. Functional Movement ScreenTM and history of injury in the assessment of potential risk of injury among team handball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 58(9):1281–6.
• Smith, C. A., Chimera, N. J., & Warren, M. (2015). Association of y balance test reach asymmetry and injury in division I athletes. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 47(1), 136-141.
• Smith, J., DePhillipo, N., Kimura, I., Kocher, M. and Hetzler, R. (2017). Prospective functional performance testing and relationship to lower extremity injury incidence in adolescent sports participants. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy,.12(2), 206.
• Şahin, M., Doğanay, O., & Bayraktar, B. (2018). Altyapı Futbolcularında Fonksiyonel Hareket Analizinin Atletik Performansla İlişkisi. International Refereed Academic Journal Of Sports, Health And Medical Sciences,1.
• Tafuri S, Notarnicola A, Monno A, Ferretti F, Moretti B. (2016). CrossFit athletes exhibit high symmetry of fundamental movement patterns. A cross-sectional study. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 6(1):157– 60.
• Turkeri, C., & Ozturk, D. (2020). Comparison of 30 Meter Sprint Running Times with and Without Finish Line in Male Athletes. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology,  9(1), 25-30.
• Türkeri, C. (2019). İki Ayrı Karate Tekniğinin Antropometrik ve Biyomekanik Açıdan İncelenmesi. Akademisyen Kitapevi.
• Türkeri, C., Büyüktaş, B., & Öztürk, B. (2020). Alt Ekstremite ve Kalça Merkezi Sabit Tutularak Uygulanan Üst Ekstremite Y Dinamik Denge Testi Güvenirlik Çalışması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(2), 45-53.
• Türkeri, C., Büyüktaş, B., & Öztürk, B. (2020). Alt Ekstremite Y Dinamik Denge Testi Güvenirlik Çalışması. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(2).
• Üzer, O. (2020). Güreşçilerde Yaralanma Riski ile Postür Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ankara.
• Vatansever, Ö. M. (2018). Farklı fiziksel aktivite düzeyindeki sağlıklı bireylerde vücut farkındalığı ile denge ve postür arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Ankara.
• Waś, J., Sitarski, D., Ewertowska, P., Bloda, J., & Czaprowski, D. (2016). Using smartphones in the evaluation of spinal curvatures in a sagittal plane. Postepy Rehabilitacji, 30(4), 29.
• Westrick, R. B., Miller, J. M., Carow, S. D., & Gerber, J. P. (2012). Exploration of the y-balance test for assessment of upper quarter closed kinetic chain performance. International journal of sports physical therapy, 7(2), 139.
• Yel, K., & Güzel, S., Kurcan, K., Aydemir, U. (2023). Spor Performansı v Denge. Spor Araştırmalarında Farklı Perspektifler 2, Editör: Prof.Dr. Erdal Zorba, Doç.Dr. Mevlüt Gönen, Dr. Zekai ÇAKIR, Aralık. Bölüm-8, ISBN: 978-625-6643-01-7, Syf:120-137. Duvar Yayınları. İzmir
• Zagatto, A. M., Beck, W. R., & Gobatto, C. A. (2009). Validity Of The Running Anaerobic Sprint Test For Assessing Anaerobic Power And Predicting Short-Distance Performances. The Journal Of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1820-1827.