Oryantiring Sporcularında Demografik Özellikler ile Yarışma Performansı Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi

Examining the Links Between Demographic Characteristics and Competitive Performance in Orienteering Athletes

Özge BOZÇA*, Filiz Fatma ÇOLAKOĞLU*, Ülfet ERBAŞ**

Sorumlu Yazar; Ülfet ERBAŞ ulfeterbas@gmail.com

Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü psk.ozgebozca@gmail.com 0009-0000-8407-8566
Gazi Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi* ffiliz@gazi.edu.tr     0000-0002-0635-7583
Şırnak Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu ulfeterbas@gmail.com 0000-0002-6507-3046

Doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21250861

https://www.ijoss.org/Archive/v3-i2/ijoss-Volume3-issue2-22.pdf

Download Full Text

Received / Gönderim: 30.03.2026 Accepted / Kabul: 09.05.2026 Published / Yayın: 23.06.2026

Öz: Bu çalışmanın amacı, oryantiring sporcularının demografik özellikleri ile yarışma performansları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırma, 2026 yılı Türkiye Oryantiring Şampiyonası’nda yarışmaları tamamlayan ve gönüllü olarak katılan 18 yaş ve üzeri 160 sporcu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler SPSS 26 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, sürat mesafesi süreleri yaş gruplarına göre anlamlı farklılık göstermemiştir. Ancak sürat sıralamalarında 36 yaş ve üzeri sporcuların performansının diğer yaş gruplarına göre daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Orta mesafede, 36 yaş ve üzeri sporcuların süreleri daha uzun bulunurken; 18–23 ve 24–29 yaş gruplarının sıralama performanslarının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Uzun mesafe süreleri yaşa göre değişmezken, 18–29 yaş grubunun daha iyi performans sergilediği görülmüştür. Deneyim süresine göre sürat mesafesinde anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Orta mesafede, 0–3 yıl deneyime sahip sporcuların süreleri daha uzun bulunmuştur. Buna karşın, uzun mesafede 8 yıl ve üzeri deneyimli sporcuların daha iyi sıralamalar elde ettiği belirlenmiştir. Milli sporcuların tüm mesafelerde daha kısa süreler elde ettikleri ve daha iyi sıralamalara sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Cinsiyete göre, sürat ve orta mesafe sürelerinde fark bulunmazken, uzun mesafede erkekler daha kısa süreler elde etmiştir. Buna karşılık, tüm mesafelerde kadın sporcuların sıralama performanslarının daha iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yaş ve deneyim özellikle orta ve uzun mesafe performansını etkilemektedir. Milli sporcu olmak ise tüm mesafelerde performansı artıran önemli bir faktördür. Deneyimli sporcuların harita okuma ve karar verme süreçlerini daha etkin yöneterek hızlarını koruyabildikleri düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Oryantiring, yarışma performansı, sürat mesafesi, orta mesafe, uzun mesafe.

Abstract: This study examines the links between orienteering athletes’ demographics and their competitive performance. The sample inculded 160 voluntary athletes aged 18 years and older who sucessufluuly completed their tracks in the 2026 Turkish Orienteering Championship. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26. The findings indicated that sprint race times did not differ significantly by age. However, athletes aged 36 and older demonstrated lower performance in sprint rankings compared to younger groups. In the middle-distance category, athletes aged 36 and older recorded longer completion times, whereas those aged 18–23 and 24–29 years achieved higher ranking performance. Although long-distance times did not differ significantly by age, athletes aged 18–29 years exhibited better overall performance. We also found no significant differences between athletes’ sprint performance by years of experience. In middle-distance races, athletes with 0–3 years of experience had longer completion times. In contrast, those with 8 or more years of experience achieved better rankings in long-distance events. National-level athletes consistently recorded shorter times and attained higher rankings across all distances. There were no significant differences in sprint and middle-distance times by gender; however, male athletes achieved shorter times in long-distance races. Conversely, female athletes demonstrated superior ranking performance across all distances. Overall, age and experience appeared to play a more pronounced role in middle- and long-distance performance. Being a national-level athlete emerges as a key factor enhancing performance across all race types. It is also plausible that more experienced athletes are better able to maintain speed by managing map-reading and decision-making processes more effectively.

Keywords: Orienteering, competitive performance, sprint distance, middle distance, long distance

How to Cite This Article

APA 7

Bozça, Ö., Çolakoğlu, F.F., & Erbaş, Ü. (2026). Spor Bilimleri Fakültelerinde Öğrenim Gören Üniversite Oryantiring Sporcularında Demografik Özelliklerin Yarışma Performansına Etkisinin Analizi. International Journal of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences (IJOSS), 3(2), 717–737. https://www.ijoss.org/Archive/v3-i2/ijoss-Volume3-issue2-22.pdf

Vancouver

Bozça Ö., Çolakoğlu F.F., & Erbaş Ü. Oryantiring Sporcularında Demografik Özelliklerin Yarışma Performansına Etkisinin Analizi. Int J Health Exerc Sport Sci (IJOSS). 2026;3(2):717–737. Available from: https://www.ijoss.org/Archive/v3-i2/ijoss-Volume3-issue2-22.pdf

References / Kaynaklar

• Allen S. V. & Hopkins W.G. Age of Peak Competitive Performance of Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2015 Oct;45(10):1431-41. 
• Baker, J. & Young, B. W. (2014). 20 years later: Deliberate practice and the development of expertise in sport. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(1), 135–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2014.896024
• Bassett, D. R.& Jr. Howley, E. T. (2000). Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake anddeterminants of endurance performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 32(1), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-020-00621-9
• Batista, M. M., Paludo, A. C., Gula, J. N., Pauli, P. H., & Tartaruga, M. P. (2020). Physiological and cognitive demands of orienteering: A systematic review. Sport Sciences for Health, 16, 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-020-00621-9
• Bird, S. R., Balmer, J., Olds, T., & Davison, R. C. (2001a). Differences between junior and senior elite orienteers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(2), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404101300036271
• Bird, S. R., Balmer, J., Olds, T., & Davison, R. C. R. (2001b). Differences between the sexes and age-related changes in orienteering speed. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(4), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404101750158286
• Eccles, D. W., Walsh, S. E., & Ingledew, D. K. (2002). A grounded theory of expert cognition in orienteering. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24(1), 68–88. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.24.1.68
• Ferguson, C., & Turbyfill, R. (2013). Discovering orienteering: Skills, techniques, and activities (ss. 65–79). Human Kinetics.
• Gasser, B. (2017). Night versus day orienteering–an analysis of differences in speed. German Journal of Sports Medicine / Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin, 68(3), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.5960/dzsm.2017.273
• Gürer, S. (2020). Oryantiring sporu yapan gençlerin serbest zaman motivasyonlarının incelenmesi. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 7(62), 3373–3379. https://doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.2144
• Hébert-Losier, K., Jensen, K., & Holmberg, H. C. (2014). Jumping and hopping in elite and amateur orienteering athletes and correlations to sprinting and running. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(6), 993–999. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0391
• Hébert-Losier, K., Platt, S., & Hopkins, W. G. (2015). Sources of variability in performance times at the World Orienteering Championships. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47(7), 1523–1530. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000548
• Henriksen, K. (2018). Dare to prepare for reality: Helping national orienteering team athletes handle adversity. Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2(1), 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1123/cssep.2018-0002
• International Orienteering Federation (2022). https://orienteering.sport/orienteering/adresinden erişilmiştir.
• Joyner, M. J., & Coyle, E. F. (2008). Endurance exercise performance: The physiology of champions. The Journal of Physiology, 586(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143834
• Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2019). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (7. basım). Human Kinetics.
• Juhas, I., Bačanac, L., & Kozoderović, J. (2016). The most common errors in orienteering and their relation to gender, age and competition experience. Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, 14(2), 211–226.
• Karaca, F. (2008). Oryantiring uygulamalarının ilköğretim programlarındaki fonksiyonelliği (Yüksek lisans tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
• Karasar, N. (2020). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
• Knechtle, B., & Nikolaidis, P. T. (2018). Sex- and age-related differences in half-marathon performance and competitiveness in the world’s largest half-marathon–the GöteborgsVarvet. Research in Sports Medicine, 26(1), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2017.1393750
• Liu, Y. (2019). Visual search characteristics of precise map reading by orienteers. PeerJ, 7, Article e7592. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7592
• Macquet, A. C., Eccles, D. W., & Barraux, E. (2012). What makes an orienteer an expert? A case study of a highly elite orienteer’s concerns in the course of competition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(1), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.624539
• Minoiu, V., & Minoiu, G. E. (2017). Analyzing the performance of the national team members in the sport of orienteering. Journal of Sport and Kinetic Movement, 2(30), 41–45.
• Nazário, B., & Correia, M. (2022). The influence of course characteristics on the variability of finishing times and running speed in forest individual races at the World Orienteering Championships from 2009 to 2019. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(2), 535–541. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.02068
• Reaburn, P., & Dascombe, B. J. (2008). Endurance performance in masters athletes. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 5(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11556-008-0029-2
• Rolf, C., Andersson, G., Westblad, P., & Saltin, B. (1997). Aerobic and anaerobic work capacities and leg muscle characteristics in elite orienteers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 7(1), 20–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00112
• Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2020). Motor learning and performance: From principles to application (6. basım). Human Kinetics.
• Schmidt, R. A., & Wrisberg, C. A. (2008). Motor learning and performance: A situation-based learning approach (4. basım). Human Kinetics.
• Şengör, Ç. (2018). 11-13 Yaş grubu öğrencilerde oryantiring eğitiminin uzamsal görselleştirme ve uzamsal kaygıya etkisinin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Muğla.
• Tanaka, H., & Seals, D. R. (2008). Endurance exercise performance in Masters athletes: Age‐associated changes and underlying physiological mechanisms. The Journal of Physiology, 586(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.141879
• Williams, A. M., & Ford, P. R. (2008). Expertise and expert performance in sport. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(1), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17509840701823375
• Zhang, S., & Zeng, J. (2018). Discussion on the form and characteristics of orienteering in colleges and universities. Proceedings of the Social Sciences and Education Research Symposium (SSER) içinde (ss. 213–215). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/sser-18.2018.45