Tenis Oyuncularında Throwers 10 Egzersizlerinin Servis Hızı ve İsabet Oranına Etkisi

The Effect of Throwers 10 Exercises on Serve Speed and Accuracy in Tennis Players

Hakan Gürel, Kenan Işıldak

*Correspondence: Hakan Gürel  hakangurel@hotmail.com.tr

 Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Isparta, Türkiye / hakangurel@hotmail.com.tr Orcid: 0000-0002-8488-993X

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Isparta, Türkiye / kenanisildak@sdu.edu.tr Orcid: 0000-0002-7164-3500

Doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21005616

https://www.ijoss.org/Archive/v3-i2/ijoss-Volume3-issue2-11.pdf

Download Full Text

Received / Gönderim: 16.04.2026 Accepted / Kabul: 09.06.2026 Published / Yayın: 23.06.2026

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Thrower’s 10 egzersiz programının genç tenisçilerde vuruş hızı ve isabet performansı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Araştırmaya yaş ortalaması 13,0±0,8 yıl olan toplam 20 genç tenisçi katılmış ve katılımcılar randomize olarak deney (n=10) ve kontrol (n=10) gruplarına ayrılmıştır. Deney grubu 8 hafta boyunca rutin tenis antrenmanlarına ek olarak haftada iki gün Thrower’s 10 egzersiz protokolünü uygulamış, kontrol grubu ise yalnızca rutin antrenmanlarına devam etmiştir. Ön ve son testlerde servis, forehand ve backhand vuruş hızları ile Hewitt servis isabet testi skorları ölçülmüştür. Veriler bağımlı ve bağımsız örneklem t-testleri ile analiz edilmiştir (p<0,05). Bulgular, deney grubunda forehand ve backhand vuruş hızlarında anlamlı artışlar olduğunu göstermiştir (p<0,05). Ayrıca deney grubunda backhand isabet oranında anlamlı iyileşme saptanmıştır (p=0,046). Avantaj (sol) servis hızında ise anlamlılığa yakın bir artış gözlenmiştir (p=0,056). Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda deney grubunun avantaj servis performansının (hız ve isabet) kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak Thrower’s 10 egzersizlerinin genç tenisçilerde vuruş hızı ve servis performansının geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabileceği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: skapular stabilizasyon, rotator manşet kuvveti, kinetik zincir, üst ekstremite performansı, nöromüsküler adaptasyon

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the Thrower’s 10 exercise program on stroke speed and accuracy performance in young tennis players. A total of 20 young tennis players with an average age of 13.0±0.8 years participated in the study, and participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental (n=10) or control (n=10) groups. The experimental group performed the Thrower’s 10 exercise protocol twice a week for 8 weeks in addition to their routine tennis training, while the control group continued only their routine training. Pre- and post-test measurements included serve, forehand, and backhand stroke speeds, as well as Hewitt serve accuracy test scores. Data were analyzed using dependent and independent sample t-tests (p<0.05). Findings showed significant increases in forehand and backhand stroke speeds in the experimental group (p<0.05). Furthermore, a significant improvement in backhand accuracy was observed in the experimental group (p=0.046). A near-significant increase was observed in the speed of the advantage (left) serve (p=0.056). Intergroup comparisons revealed that the experimental group’s advantage serve performance (speed and accuracy) was higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, Thrower’s 10 exercises may contribute to improving stroke speed and serve performance in young tennis players.

Keywords: scapular stabilization, rotator cuff strength, kinetic chain, upper extremity performance, neuromuscular adaptation

How to Cite This Article

APA 7

Gürel, H., & Işıldak, K. (2025). Tenis oyuncularında Throwers 10 egzersizlerinin servis hızı ve isabet oranına etkisi. International Journal of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences (IJOSS), 3(2), 566–580. https://www.ijoss.org/Archive/v3-i2/ijoss-Volume3-issue2-11.pdf

Vancouver

Gürel H, Işıldak K. Tenis oyuncularında Throwers 10 egzersizlerinin servis hızı ve isabet oranına etkisi. Int J Health Exerc Sport Sci (IJOSS). 2025;3(2):566-580. Available from: https://www.ijoss.org/Archive/v3-i2/ijoss-Volume3-issue2-11.pdf.

References / Kaynaklar

• Asal, N., & Özünlü Pekyavaş, N. (2025). Effects of Thrower’s Ten exercise program on shoulder stability and flexibility in water polo players.
• Baechle, T. R., & Earle, R. W. (2008). Essentials of strength training and conditioning (3rd ed.). Human Kinetics.
• Brito, A. V., Carvalho, D., Silva, M., Ferreira, F., Vilas-Boas, J. P., Fernandez-Fernandez, J., & Fernandes, R. J. (2025). The effect of a prolonged tennis serve game on shoulder function, speed and precision. Sports Biomechanics, 24(12), 3655–3674. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2552172
• Ciğercioğlu, N. B., Güney Deniz, H., Ünüvar, E., Çolakoglu, F., & Baltacı, G. (2021). Relationship between shoulder rotator muscle strength and upper extremity performance tests in adolescent tennis players. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 32(1), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.749606
• Cools, A. M., Johansson, F. R., Borms, D., & Maenhout, A. (2015). Prevention of shoulder injuries in overhead athletes: A science-based approach. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 19(5), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0104
• Elliott, B. (2006). Biomechanics and tennis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(5), 392–396.
• Elliott, B., Reid, M., & Crespo, M. (2009). Technique development in tennis stroke production. International Tennis Federation.
• Escamilla, R. F., Fleisig, G. S., Zheng, N., Barrentine, S. W., & Andrews, J. R. (2009). Shoulder muscle activity and function in common shoulder rehabilitation exercises. Sports Medicine, 39(8), 663–685.
• Faigenbaum, A. D., Mcfarland, J. E., Herman, R. E., Naclerio, F., Ratamess, N. A., Kang, J., & Myer, G. D. (2016). Effects of resistance training in youth athletes on muscular fitness and athletic performance: A conceptual model for long-term athlete development. Frontiers in Physiology, 7, Article 164. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00164
• Genevois, C., Frican, B., Creveaux, T., Hautier, C., & Rogowski, I. (2013). Effects of two training protocols on the forehand drive performance in tennis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(3), 677–682.
• Girard, O., & Millet, G. P. (2009). Effects of fatigue on serve velocity in tennis players. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 106(2), 451–460.
• Haff, G. G., & Triplett, N. T. (Eds.). (2016). Essentials of strength training and conditioning (4th ed.). Human Kinetics.
• Hewitt, J. E. (1966). Hewitt’s tennis achievement test. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 37(2), 231–240.
• Karagöz, Ş., Erdoğmuş, M., Celepaksoy, F., Bozlak, K., & Alkan, F. (2015). Minik tenisçilerde bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametrelerin yer vuruş performansına etkisinin incelenmesi. Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(9), 19–25.
• Kibler, W. B., & Sciascia, A. (2010). Kinetic chain contributions to shoulder function. Sports Medicine, 40(6), 421–426.
• Kibler, W. B., Chandler, T. J., Shapiro, R., & Conuel, M. (2007). Kinematic and kinetic comparisons of tennis serves in elite players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(8), 803–808.
• Kibler, W. B., Press, J., & Sciascia, A. (2006). The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Medicine, 36(3), 189–198.
• Kovacs, M. S. (2007). Tennis physiology: Training the competitive athlete. Sports Medicine, 37(3), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737030-00001
• Kraemer, W. J., Adams, K., Cafarelli, E., Dudley, G. A., Dooly, C., Feigenbaum, M. S., Fleck, S. J., Franklin, B., Fry, A. C., Hoffman, J. R., Newton, R. U., Potteiger, J., Stone, M. H., Ratamess, N. A., & Triplett-McBride, T. (2009). Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(3), 687–708. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181915670
• Martin, C., Bideau, B., Delamarche, P., & Kulpa, R. (2012). Influence of elbow extension on serve speed in tennis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(11), 1147–1153.
• Myers, J. B., Laudner, K. G., Pasquale, M. R., Bradley, J. P., & Lephart, S. M. (2005). Scapular muscle weakness in overhead athletes with impingement symptoms. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(2), 263–271.
• Papaiakovou, G. (2013). The effect of medicine ball training on overhead throwing velocity. Journal of Human Kinetics, 37(1), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0031
• Patel, R., & Vaishnav, N. (2025). Effects of Thrower’s Ten exercise program on shoulder function and performance in overhead athletes: A systematic review. Journal of Preventive Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Advance online publication.
• Rechel, J. A., Yard, E. E., & Comstock, R. D. (2008). An epidemiologic comparison of high school sports injuries in nine sports: Rates and patterns during the 2005–2006 school year. Journal of Athletic Training, 43(2), 197–204.
• Reid, M., Elliott, B., & Crespo, M. (2013). Mechanics and learning practices associated with the tennis serve: A review. Sports Biomechanics, 12(3), 238–256.
• Reinold, M. M., Wilk, K. E., Macrina, L. C., Dugas, J. R., & Andrews, J. R. (2008). Shoulder injuries in the overhead athlete. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 38(2), 80–89.
• Suna, G., Beyleroğlu, M., Alp, M., & Yalçın, S. (2016). Investigating the effects of coordination trainings on velocity, balance and agility features of tennis kids. International Refereed Academic Journal of Sports, Health and Medical Sciences, 20, 13–23.
• Townsend, H., Jobe, F. W., Pink, M., & Perry, J. (1991). Electromyographic analysis of the shoulder musculature during the tennis serve. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 19(3), 224–234.
• Whiteside, D., Elliott, B., Lay, B., & Reid, M. (2013). A preliminary investigation of error and ball placement in the tennis serve. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(14), 1592–1600.
• Wilk, K. E., Meister, K., & Andrews, J. R. (2002). Current concepts in the rehabilitation of the overhead throwing athlete. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(1), 136–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465020300011201